1. (lower-order thinking skills required) -remember, understand
What are concepts,
schemas/scripts, theories, and worldviews?
2. (higher-order thinking skills required) -create
Students’
personal or emotional investments in their existing misconceptions can stand in
their way of gaining understandings inside the classrooms. What strategies can
you use to help these students? Base your answer on one or more of the theories
described in the table on page 363.
1. Concepts are mental groupings of objects or events that have something in common. Schemas are tightly organized set of facts about a specific topic. Scripts are schemas that involve a predictable sequence of events related to a common activity. Theories are an integrated set of concepts and principles developed to explain a particular phenomenon. Worldviews are general, culturally based set of assumptions about reality that influence understandings of a wide variety of phenomena. Each method of knowledge organization builds on from one another. Starting with concepts as more general knowledge, for example, dogs and cats are both animals that can be pets. World views are very common for students to have because of the influence their families and community have on their perceptions.
ReplyDelete(I think this accurately requires lower-level thinking skills. This question falls under "Knowledge" because I defined the key words and described how they contribute to knowledge organization.)
2. Ormrod suggests the following with promoting conceptual change:
- Identify existing misconceptions before instruction begins.
- Look for and then build on elements of truth in students' existing understandings.
- Convince students that their existing beliefs need revision.
- Motivate students to learn correct explanations.
- When pointing out errors or weaknesses in students' reasoning or beliefs, preserve their self-esteem.
- Monitor what students say and write for persistent misconceptions.
When promoting conceptual change, Humanism embraces potential for psychological growth and the importance of a supportive environment that encourages the correction of misconceptions in a positive atmosphere. Social cognitive theories also embrace self-efficacy beliefs that students have the ability to correct their prior misconceptions if they set goals and want to learn conceptual change. Sociocultural theories would have a major influence on world views that students may misconceive. By communicating with students in a way they can relate they may have more ease in adjusting their prior misconceptions.
(I think this question accurately requires higher-level thinking skills such as, Analyze, Synthesize, and Evaluate. By referencing theories and how they apply to changing students' misconceptions I had to examine, interpret, incorporate, and classify.)