In my opinion, both types of assessment have advantages and disadvantages. I think that the advantage of the criterion referenced assessment is that is gives a more clear picture of whether or not a student actually understands the material whereas norm references assessments do not provide as much information and do not give as clear a picture of students' full understanding of a topic or concept. I think that the fact that norm referenced assessment measures broad skill areas can be good in a way because it will show that students understand main ideas or the big picture, rather than small components of a topic, but this can also be a disadvantage because it will not show if a student understands the details of a concept. If I had to choose one or the other, I think criterion referenced assessments are better in that they can tell us what students already know before we teach a lesson. Another disadvantage of the norm referenced assessment is that is compares students' scores to norms rather than considering each child's individual abilities.
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